GS1-R medium citation list

Pluripotent stem cellsGS1-R medium is a defined, serum-free cell culture medium for deriving, maintaining, and propagating rat pluripotent stem cells. The medium utilizes a two small molecule inhibitor-based method (2i), which blocks ERK (PD184352), and GSK3 (CHIR99021). This technique blocks differentiating-inducing signals, promotes cell survival, and is a powerful way to keep pluripotent stem cells in a basal, ground-state that enables germline-competency. Read below for a citation list of studies in which GS1-R was used in peer-reviewed basic, translational, preclinical, and biomedical research.


Blair, K. et al. Culture parameters for stable expansion, genetic modification and germline transmission of rat pluripotent stem cells. Biol. Open 1, 58–65 (2012).

Buehr, M. et al. Capture of authentic embryonic stem cells from rat blastocysts. Cell 135, 1287–98 (2008).

Hamanaka, S. et al. Generation of germline-competent rat induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 6, e22008 (2011).

Leitch, H. G. et al. Naive pluripotency is associated with global DNA hypomethylation. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 20, 311–6 (2013).

Li, P. et al. Germline competent embryonic stem cells derived from rat blastocysts. Cell 135, 1299–310 (2008).

Tong, C. et al. Rapid and cost-effective gene targeting in rat embryonic stem cells by TALENs. J. Genet. Genomics 39, 275–80 (2012).

Tong, C., Huang, G., Ashton, C., Li, P. & Ying, Q.-L. Generating gene knockout rats by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Nat. Protoc. 6, 827–44 (2011).

Tong, C., Li, P., Wu, N. L., Yan, Y. & Ying, Q.-L. Production of p53 gene knockout rats by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Nature 467, 211–3 (2010).