CRISPR/Cas9 knockouts

Cas9 is a nuclease that can be targeted to a specific site in the genome by a guide RNA molecule, where part of the guide RNA is homologous to the target sequence. Once it finds a DNA sequence that matches the guide RNA, and if that sequence is downstream of a PAM sequence, the Cas9 nuclease breaks both strands of the genome at that spot. Cells respond by repairing the break, but tend to do so imprecisely using the non-homologous end joining repair (NHEJ) pathway. This results in inserted or deleted bases, thus creating indels or producing gene knockouts. Learn more about the CRISPR/Cas9 system.

The links below provide general information, tech notes, and tools used to create or study gene knockouts. Information is also available for creating gene knockins using homology directed repair (HDR).